Written communication in business often includes which of the following?

Written communication in business primarily includes forms such as emails, instant messages, reports, memos, and other text-based formats. These mediums are designed to convey information, ideas, instructions, or documentation through written text, making them essential for maintaining a clear record and ensuring consistent messaging.

Email and messaging platforms are particularly prevalent in the business environment because they allow for quick and efficient communication, enabling employees and teams to share information across different locations and time zones. Moreover, written forms of communication provide recipients the opportunity to review messages at their own pace, refer back to them when needed, and maintain a permanent record of communications, which can be valuable for accountability and reference purposes.

In contrast, other options like meetings and conferences, phone conversations, and face-to-face discussions are primarily oral forms of communication. While these are important for dialogue and immediate feedback, they do not fall under the category of written communication. Understanding the distinction between these forms helps reinforce the critical role that written communication plays in business operations.