Which of the following levels of decision making is NOT typically included in an organization?

In an organization, decision-making levels are commonly categorized into three main types: strategic, managerial, and operational.

Strategic decision making refers to the long-term direction and goals of the organization, typically undertaken by senior executives and top management. This level addresses the overall vision, mission, and the policies that govern the organization.

Managerial decision making encompasses the middle level of management, where managers implement strategies by managing resources and overseeing operations. This involves making decisions that affect day-to-day operations and facilitating the alignment of tactical goals with strategic objectives.

Operational decision making is concerned with the day-to-day activities of the organization. Employees at this level make decisions that pertain to routine operations and processes, ensuring that the organization functions smoothly and efficiently.

While financial decisions are crucial and may influence the overall strategy of an organization, they do not represent a formal level of decision making like the other three do. Financial decisions encompass aspects such as budgeting, funding, and financial forecasting, but they are often integrated into the strategic and operational decision-making processes rather than standing alone as a separate level. Thus, financial decision making is typically a subset of the broader categories rather than an independent level of decision making.