Which of the following is NOT a theory of tort liability?

The distinction between various theories of tort liability is fundamental to understanding how legal claims for damages may arise from harmful actions. The correct answer indicates that "contractual" is not a theory of tort liability, which is accurate because tort liability addresses civil wrongs independent of contract agreements.

Tort law is divided into several recognized theories that each focus on different aspects of wrongful acts. Intentional torts involve actions taken with intent to cause harm, such as assault or defamation. Negligence pertains to failures to act with reasonable care, leading to unintentional harm, like car accidents due to distracted driving. Strict liability refers to situations where a party is held responsible for damages without needing to prove negligence or intent, typically in cases involving inherently dangerous activities or defective products.

By contrast, contractual obligations arise from agreements between parties and do not fall under the purview of tort law. Breaches of contract involve different legal principles focused on the terms and fulfillments of agreements rather than the wrongful acts that cause injury or harm to others.