What do pleadings inform each party about?

Pleadings are formal written statements submitted by parties in a legal proceeding, outlining their respective claims and defenses. The primary role of pleadings is to inform each party about the assertions made by the other side, the issues that need to be resolved in the case, and the factual and legal basis for those claims.

By detailing these elements, pleadings help clarify the context of the conflict and establish the groundwork for the legal process, enabling parties to prepare their arguments, gather evidence, and effectively participate in the proceedings. This exchange of information is crucial for ensuring that both sides understand the scope of the case and can respond appropriately, which is fundamental to the fair administration of justice.

The other choices do not accurately describe the primary function of pleadings. While legal fees, prior rulings of a judge, or statutory penalties may be relevant in a case, they are not the focus of what pleadings aim to communicate between the involved parties.